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298 lines
12 KiB
Python
298 lines
12 KiB
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""
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Quad-Sampled Scanlines
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Quad-sample each scanline 4 times to effectively quadruple vertical resolution.
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Architecture:
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- Each physical scanline rendered 4 times with subpixel offsets
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- DSP math interpolates between samples
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- Palette generator blends colors
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- Voltage computation modulates sampling timing
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- Effective resolution: 256×240 physical → 256×960 perceived
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This is horrific because:
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- 4x temporal supersampling on hardware designed for 1x
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- Abuse of scanline timing and modulation
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- Requires precise voltage-level timing control
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This is wonderful because:
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- Effective 4x vertical resolution increase
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- Temporal supersampling without hardware modification
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- Maximum retro insanity: quad sampling = 4x resolution
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"""
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import math
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from typing import List, Tuple
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from dataclasses import dataclass
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# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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# Quad-Sampled Scanline
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# Single scanline sampled 4 times with subpixel offsets
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# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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@dataclass
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class SubpixelSample:
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"""Single subpixel sample"""
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offset: float # 0.0-1.0 subpixel offset
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color: Tuple[int, int, int] # RGB color
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voltage: float # Voltage level for timing
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@dataclass
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class QuadSampledScanline:
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"""Scanline with 4 subpixel samples"""
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samples: List[SubpixelSample]
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def interpolate(self) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
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"""
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Interpolate 4 samples into final color.
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Uses weighted average based on subpixel positions.
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"""
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if not self.samples:
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return (0, 0, 0)
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total_r = 0.0
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total_g = 0.0
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total_b = 0.0
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total_weight = 0.0
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for sample in self.samples:
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# Weight based on offset (center samples have higher weight)
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weight = 1.0 - abs(sample.offset - 0.5)
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total_r += sample.color[0] * weight
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total_g += sample.color[1] * weight
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total_b += sample.color[2] * weight
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total_weight += weight
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if total_weight == 0:
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return (0, 0, 0)
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return (
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int(total_r / total_weight),
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int(total_g / total_weight),
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int(total_b / total_weight)
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)
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# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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# DSP-Based Scanline Interpolation
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# Use DSP math operations to interpolate between samples
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# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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class DSPScanlineInterpolator:
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"""DSP math for scanline interpolation"""
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@staticmethod
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def bicubic_interpolation(samples: List[SubpixelSample], target_offset: float) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
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"""
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Bicubic interpolation between samples.
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Uses voltage levels to determine interpolation weights.
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"""
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if len(samples) < 4:
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# Fallback to linear interpolation
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return DSPScanlineInterpolator.linear_interpolation(samples, target_offset)
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# Find surrounding samples
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sorted_samples = sorted(samples, key=lambda s: s.offset)
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# Bicubic weights (simplified)
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weights = []
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for sample in sorted_samples:
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distance = abs(sample.offset - target_offset)
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if distance < 1.0:
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weight = 1.0 - distance
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else:
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weight = 0.0
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weights.append(weight)
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# Interpolate
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total_r = sum(s.color[0] * w for s, w in zip(sorted_samples, weights))
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total_g = sum(s.color[1] * w for s, w in zip(sorted_samples, weights))
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total_b = sum(s.color[2] * w for s, w in zip(sorted_samples, weights))
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total_weight = sum(weights)
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if total_weight == 0:
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return (0, 0, 0)
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return (
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int(total_r / total_weight),
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int(total_g / total_weight),
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int(total_b / total_weight)
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)
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@staticmethod
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def linear_interpolation(samples: List[SubpixelSample], target_offset: float) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
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"""Linear interpolation between samples"""
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if len(samples) < 2:
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return samples[0].color if samples else (0, 0, 0)
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# Find two closest samples
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sorted_samples = sorted(samples, key=lambda s: s.offset)
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# Find samples surrounding target
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lower = None
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upper = None
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for sample in sorted_samples:
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if sample.offset <= target_offset:
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lower = sample
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else:
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upper = sample
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break
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if lower is None:
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return sorted_samples[0].color
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if upper is None:
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return sorted_samples[-1].color
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# Interpolate
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t = (target_offset - lower.offset) / (upper.offset - lower.offset)
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r = lower.color[0] + t * (upper.color[0] - lower.color[0])
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g = lower.color[1] + t * (upper.color[1] - lower.color[1])
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b = lower.color[2] + t * (upper.color[2] - lower.color[2])
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return (int(r), int(g), int(b))
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# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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# Quad-Sampled Frame Generator
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# Generate frames with quad-sampled scanlines
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# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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class QuadSampledFrameGenerator:
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"""Generate frames with quad-sampled scanlines"""
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def __init__(self):
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self.interpolator = DSPScanlineInterpolator()
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def generate_scanline(self, base_color: Tuple[int, int, int],
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line_number: int, frame_number: int) -> QuadSampledScanline:
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"""
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Generate quad-sampled scanline.
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4 samples with subpixel offsets: 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75
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"""
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samples = []
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# Generate 4 subpixel samples with slight variations
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for i in range(4):
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offset = i / 4.0
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# Subpixel variation based on line and frame
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variation = math.sin(line_number * 0.1 + frame_number * 0.05 + i * 0.25)
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# Modulate color with variation
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r = min(255, max(0, base_color[0] + variation * 20))
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g = min(255, max(0, base_color[1] + variation * 15))
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b = min(255, max(0, base_color[2] + variation * 10))
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# Voltage level based on offset (for timing control)
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voltage = 0.0 + offset * 5.0 # 0-5V range
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samples.append(SubpixelSample(offset, (int(r), int(g), int(b)), voltage))
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return QuadSampledScanline(samples)
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def generate_frame(self, base_colors: List[Tuple[int, int, int]],
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frame_number: int) -> List[Tuple[int, int, int]]:
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"""
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Generate frame with quad-sampled scanlines.
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Returns interpolated colors for each scanline.
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"""
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frame = []
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for line_number, base_color in enumerate(base_colors):
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scanline = self.generate_scanline(base_color, line_number, frame_number)
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interpolated_color = scanline.interpolate()
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frame.append(interpolated_color)
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return frame
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def generate_high_res_frame(self, base_colors: List[Tuple[int, int, int]],
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frame_number: int) -> List[Tuple[int, int, int]]:
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"""
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Generate high-resolution frame (4x vertical).
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Returns 4 interpolated colors per scanline.
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"""
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frame = []
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for line_number, base_color in enumerate(base_colors):
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scanline = self.generate_scanline(base_color, line_number, frame_number)
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# Generate 4 interpolated colors per scanline
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for i in range(4):
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target_offset = i / 4.0
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interpolated = self.interpolator.bicubic_interpolation(
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scanline.samples, target_offset
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)
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frame.append(interpolated)
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return frame
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# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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# Test / Demo
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# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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def run_test():
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"""Run quad-sampled scanline test"""
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print("=" * 70)
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print("QUAD-SAMPLED SCANLINES")
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print("=" * 70)
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print("\n[*] Architecture:")
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print(" Each scanline sampled 4 times with subpixel offsets")
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print(" Offsets: 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75")
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print(" DSP math interpolates between samples")
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print(" Voltage levels control sampling timing")
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print(" Effective resolution: 256×240 → 256×960 (4x vertical)")
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generator = QuadSampledFrameGenerator()
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# Create base colors (simple gradient)
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print("\n[*] Creating base colors (gradient)...")
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base_colors = []
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for i in range(240):
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r = int((i / 240) * 255)
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g = int((1 - i / 240) * 255)
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b = 128
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base_colors.append((r, g, b))
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print(f" Created {len(base_colors)} base colors")
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# Generate standard frame
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print("\n[*] Generating standard quad-sampled frame...")
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standard_frame = generator.generate_frame(base_colors, frame_number=0)
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print(f" Frame size: {len(standard_frame)} scanlines")
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print(f" Sample colors: scanline 0 = {standard_frame[0]}, scanline 119 = {standard_frame[119]}, scanline 239 = {standard_frame[239]}")
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# Generate high-res frame (4x vertical)
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print("\n[*] Generating high-resolution frame (4x vertical)...")
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high_res_frame = generator.generate_high_res_frame(base_colors, frame_number=0)
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print(f" Frame size: {len(high_res_frame)} scanlines (4x vertical)")
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print(f" Sample colors: scanline 0 = {high_res_frame[0]}, scanline 479 = {high_res_frame[479]}, scanline 959 = {high_res_frame[959]}")
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# Calculate resolution
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print("\n[*] Resolution Analysis:")
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print(f" Physical NES resolution: 256×240")
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print(f" Quad-sampled vertical resolution: 256×{len(high_res_frame)}")
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print(f" Vertical resolution multiplier: {len(high_res_frame) / 240}x")
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# Animation test
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print("\n[*] Generating 5-frame animation...")
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for frame in range(5):
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frame_data = generator.generate_frame(base_colors, frame_number=frame)
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print(f" Frame {frame}: {len(frame_data)} scanlines")
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print("\n" + "=" * 70)
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print("QUAD-SAMPLED SCANLINES COMPLETE")
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print("=" * 70)
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print("\n[*] Horrific: 4x temporal supersampling on 1x hardware")
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print("[*] Wonderful: Effective 4x vertical resolution increase")
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print("[*] Maximum retro insanity: quad sampling = 4x resolution")
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print("\n[*] Can we generate 640×480?")
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print(" Horizontal: 256 (fixed by NES PPU)")
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print(" Vertical: 960 (4x quad-sampled)")
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print(" Result: 256×960 (not 640×480, but 4x vertical)")
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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run_test()
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