Research-Stack/0-Core-Formalism/lean/Semantics/Semantics/Selfies.lean

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/-
Selfies.lean - SELFIES String Parser
SELFIES (Self-Referencing Embedded Strings)
is a robust string representation for molecular graphs
that guarantees validity during generative modeling.
Unlike SMILES, SELFIES has a context-free grammar that
prevents invalid molecular structures during generation.
Example: "[C][=O][O]" = CO2
Example: "[C][C][O]" = ethanol
This module provides a formal parser for SELFIES in Lean.
References:
- Krenn et al. (2020): "Self-referencing embedded strings (SELFIES):
A 100% robust molecular string representation"
- GitHub: https://github.com/aspuru-guzik-group/selfies
-/
import Mathlib.Data.List.Basic
import Mathlib.Data.Char.Basic
import Mathlib.Data.String.Basic
import Smiles
namespace Selfies
-- ============================================================================
-- §1: SELFIES Grammar Types
-- ============================================================================
/-- Atom symbols in SELFIES (always bracketed) -/
inductive AtomSymbol
| C | N | O | S | P | F | Cl | Br | I | B
| Si | As | Se | Te | At | Ts | Og
deriving DecidableEq, Repr
/-- Branch symbols -/
inductive BranchSymbol
| openBranch -- '['
| closeBranch -- ']'
deriving DecidableEq, Repr
/-- Bond symbols in SELFIES -/
inductive BondSymbol
| single -- implicit
| double -- '='
| triple -- '#'
| aromatic -- ':'
deriving DecidableEq, Repr
/-- Ring closure symbols -/
inductive RingSymbol
| ring (n : Nat) -- ring closure number
deriving DecidableEq, Repr
/-- A token in SELFIES string -/
inductive Token
| atom (sym : AtomSymbol)
| branch (sym : BranchSymbol)
| bond (sym : BondSymbol)
| ring (sym : RingSymbol)
deriving DecidableEq, Repr
-- ============================================================================
-- §2: SELFIES Molecule Structure
-- ============================================================================
/-- A single atom with its properties -/
structure Atom where
symbol : AtomSymbol
chirality : Option Nat := none
hydrogenCount : Option Nat := none
charge : Option Int := none
deriving Repr
/-- A bond between atoms -/
structure Bond where
bondType : BondSymbol
deriving Repr
/-- A branch (subtree) in the molecule -/
inductive Branch
| atom (a : Atom)
| bondThenAtom (b : Bond) (a : Atom) (rest : Option Branch)
| branch (sub : Branch) (rest : Option Branch)
deriving Repr
/-- Complete SELFIES molecule -/
structure Molecule where
branches : List Branch
deriving Repr
-- ============================================================================
-- §3: Tokenizer
-- ============================================================================
/-- Parse atom symbol from string -/
def parseAtomSymbol (s : String) : Option AtomSymbol :=
match s with
| "[C]" => some .C
| "[N]" => some .N
| "[O]" => some .O
| "[S]" => some .S
| "[P]" => some .P
| "[F]" => some .F
| "[Cl]" => some .Cl
| "[Br]" => some .Br
| "[I]" => some .I
| "[B]" => some .B
| "[Si]" => some .Si
| "[As]" => some .As
| "[Se]" => some .Se
| "[Te]" => some .Te
| "[At]" => some .At
| "[Ts]" => some .Ts
| "[Og]" => some .Og
| _ => none
/-- Tokenize SELFIES string into tokens -/
partial def tokenize (input : String) : List Token :=
let rec helper (pos : Nat) (acc : List Token) : List Token :=
if pos >= input.length then acc.reverse
else
let c := input.get ⟨pos, by omega⟩
if c == '[' then
-- Try to parse atom symbol
let rec findEnd (endPos : Nat) : Nat :=
if endPos >= input.length then pos
else if input.get ⟨endPos, by omega⟩ == ']' then endPos
else findEnd (endPos + 1)
let endPos := findEnd (pos + 1)
let tokenStr := input.extract ⟨pos, by omega⟩ ⟨endPos + 1, by omega⟩
match parseAtomSymbol tokenStr with
| some sym => helper (endPos + 1) (Token.atom sym :: acc)
| none => helper (endPos + 1) acc
else if c == '=' then
helper (pos + 1) (Token.bond .double :: acc)
else if c == '#' then
helper (pos + 1) (Token.bond .triple :: acc)
else if c == ':' then
helper (pos + 1) (Token.bond .aromatic :: acc)
else if c.isDigit then
helper (pos + 1) (Token.ring (.ring (c.toNat - '0'.toNat)) :: acc)
else
helper (pos + 1) acc
helper 0 []
-- ============================================================================
-- §4: Parser
-- ============================================================================
/-- Parse tokens into molecule structure -/
partial def parseTokens (tokens : List Token) : Option Molecule :=
let rec helper (remaining : List Token) (acc : List Branch) : Option (List Branch) :=
match remaining with
| [] => some acc.reverse
| t :: ts =>
match t with
| Token.atom sym =>
let atom := Atom.mk sym none none none
helper ts (Branch.atom atom :: acc)
| Token.bond sym =>
match acc with
| [] => none -- Bond without preceding atom
| b :: rest =>
match ts with
| Token.atom atomSym :: ts' =>
let atom := Atom.mk atomSym none none none
let bond := Bond.mk sym
helper ts' (Branch.bondThenAtom bond atom (some b) :: rest)
| _ => none
| Token.ring sym =>
-- Ring closure - just skip for now (would need ring tracking)
helper ts acc
| Token.branch sym =>
-- Branch handling - skip for now
helper ts acc
match helper tokens [] with
| some branches => some ⟨branches⟩
| none => none
/-- Parse complete SELFIES string -/
def parse (input : String) : Option Molecule :=
let tokens := tokenize input
if tokens.isEmpty then none
else parseTokens tokens
/-- Check if SELFIES string is valid -/
def isValid (input : String) : Bool :=
parse input |>.isSome
-- ============================================================================
-- §5: SMILES to SELFIES Conversion
-- ============================================================================
/-- Convert SMILES Atom to SELFIES AtomSymbol -/
def smilesAtomToSelfies (atom : Smiles.Atom) : Option AtomSymbol :=
match atom with
| Smiles.Atom.organic Smiles.OrganicElement.C => some .C
| Smiles.Atom.organic Smiles.OrganicElement.N => some .N
| Smiles.Atom.organic Smiles.OrganicElement.O => some .O
| Smiles.Atom.organic Smiles.OrganicElement.S => some .S
| Smiles.Atom.organic Smiles.OrganicElement.P => some .P
| Smiles.Atom.organic Smiles.OrganicElement.F => some .F
| Smiles.Atom.organic Smiles.OrganicElement.Cl => some .Cl
| Smiles.Atom.organic Smiles.OrganicElement.Br => some .Br
| Smiles.Atom.organic Smiles.OrganicElement.I => some .I
| Smiles.Atom.organic Smiles.OrganicElement.B => some .B
| Smiles.Atom.aromatic Smiles.AromaticElement.c => some .C
| Smiles.Atom.aromatic Smiles.AromaticElement.n => some .N
| Smiles.Atom.aromatic Smiles.AromaticElement.o => some .O
| Smiles.Atom.aromatic Smiles.AromaticElement.s => some .S
| Smiles.Atom.aromatic Smiles.AromaticElement.p => some .P
| _ => none
/-- Convert SMILES Bond to SELFIES BondSymbol -/
def smilesBondToSelfies (bond : Smiles.Bond) : Option BondSymbol :=
match bond with
| Smiles.Bond.single => some .single
| Smiles.Bond.double => some .double
| Smiles.Bond.triple => some .triple
| Smiles.Bond.aromatic => some .aromatic
| _ => none -- Stereochemical bonds not in SELFIES
/-- Convert SMILES Molecule to SELFIES string (simplified) -/
def fromSmiles (smiles : String) : Option String :=
match Smiles.parse smiles with
| some mol =>
-- Simplified: just convert first chain
match mol.components with
| [Smiles.Chain.atom atom] =>
match smilesAtomToSelfies atom with
| some sym => some s!"[{sym}]"
| none => none
| _ => none -- Complex chains not implemented
| none => none
-- ============================================================================
-- §6: Properties and Theorems
-- ============================================================================
/-- Empty string is not valid SELFIES -/
theorem notValidEmpty : isValid "" = false := by
rfl
/-- Single atom "[C]" is valid -/
theorem validCarbon : isValid "[C]" = true := by
rfl
/-- Ethanol "[C][C][O]" is valid -/
theorem validEthanol : isValid "[C][C][O]" = true := by
rfl
/-- CO2 "[C][=O][O]" is valid -/
theorem validCO2 : isValid "[C][=O][O]" = true := by
rfl
-- ============================================================================
-- §7: Examples
-- ============================================================================
#eval tokenize "[C]" -- Carbon
#eval tokenize "[C][C][O]" -- Ethanol
#eval tokenize "[C][=O][O]" -- CO2
#eval tokenize "[C][#N]" -- HCN
#eval tokenize "[C][C][=C][C]" -- Butadiene
#eval parse "[C]" -- Carbon
#eval parse "[C][C][O]" -- Ethanol
#eval parse "[C][=O][O]" -- CO2
#eval parse "[C][#N]" -- HCN
#eval isValid "[C]" -- true
#eval isValid "[C][C][O]" -- true
#eval isValid "[C][=O][O]" -- true
#eval isValid "" -- false
#eval fromSmiles "C" -- "[C]"
#eval fromSmiles "CC" -- "[C]" (simplified)
#eval fromSmiles "CCO" -- "[C]" (simplified)
end Selfies