Research-Stack/0-Core-Formalism/lean/Semantics/Semantics/FixedPoint.lean
Brandon Schneider 0cf775c80e collapse: prover orchestration layers, FAMM verilator harness, swarm topological prober, spec sheets, virtual FPGA system tests, merge conflict resolution
- Prover-Integrated Orchestration Layers (L0-L3): Goedel-Prover-V2 watchdog, BFS-Prover-V2 swarm consensus, bf4prover topology adaptation
- FAMM Verilator benchmark: uniform vs preshaped delay comparison (4.4x speedup)
- Swarm topological device prober: 11 agents probing traces, caps, delays, errors, vias, PDN
- Spec sheet puller: 10 components with key params and topological relevance
- Virtual FPGA system tests: 6/6 passed, 134K ops/s throughput
- Fixed merge conflicts in AI-Newton test_experiment.ipynb
2026-05-06 23:42:01 -05:00

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import Lean.Data.Json
import Mathlib.Data.UInt
import Mathlib.Tactic
import Mathlib.Data.Int.Basic
import Mathlib.Data.Nat.Basic
set_option maxRecDepth 20000
namespace Semantics.FixedPoint
open Lean
/--
Q0.16 pure fraction representation using UInt16 (range: [-1, 1 - 2^-16])
- 16-bit unsigned integer interpreted as signed 0.16 fixed point.
- 0x8000 = 1.0 (max positive value)
- 0x0000 = 0.0
- Range: [-1.0, 1.0 - 2^-16] ≈ [-1.0, 0.999985]
- Resolution: 1/32767 ≈ 0.0000305
-/
structure Q0_16 where
val : UInt16
deriving Repr, DecidableEq, BEq, Inhabited
instance : ToJson Q0_16 where
toJson q := Json.mkObj [("val", toJson q.val.toNat)]
instance : FromJson Q0_16 where
fromJson? j := do
let val ← (← j.getObjVal? "val").getNat?
pure ⟨val.toUInt16⟩
namespace Q0_16
def zero : Q0_16 := ⟨0x0000⟩
def one : Q0_16 := ⟨0x7FFF⟩ -- Max positive value (represents ~1.0)
def half : Q0_16 := ⟨0x3FFF⟩
def neg (x : Q0_16) : Q0_16 := ⟨-x.val⟩
def add (a b : Q0_16) : Q0_16 := ⟨a.val + b.val⟩
def sub (a b : Q0_16) : Q0_16 := ⟨a.val - b.val⟩
def mul (a b : Q0_16) : Q0_16 :=
let prod : UInt32 := UInt32.ofNat (a.val.toNat * b.val.toNat)
⟨(prod >>> 15).toUInt16⟩
def div (a b : Q0_16) : Q0_16 :=
if b.val = 0 then ⟨0x7FFF⟩
else ⟨(UInt32.ofNat (a.val.toNat * (1 <<< 15)) / UInt32.ofNat b.val.toNat).toUInt16⟩
def abs (x : Q0_16) : Q0_16 :=
if (x.val &&& 0x8000) != 0 then neg x else x
instance : Add Q0_16 where add := add
instance : Sub Q0_16 where sub := sub
instance : Mul Q0_16 where mul := mul
instance : Div Q0_16 where div := div
instance : Neg Q0_16 where neg := neg
def lt (a b : Q0_16) : Bool := a.val < b.val
def le (a b : Q0_16) : Bool := a.val ≤ b.val
def gt (a b : Q0_16) : Bool := b.val < a.val
def ge (a b : Q0_16) : Bool := b.val ≤ a.val
def toFloat (q : Q0_16) : Float :=
Float.ofInt (Int.ofNat q.val.toNat) / 32767.0
def ofFloat (f : Float) : Q0_16 :=
if f.isNaN then zero
else if f ≥ 1.0 then one
else if f ≤ -1.0 then neg one
else ⟨((f * 32767.0).round).toUInt16⟩
def log2 (q : Q0_16) : Q0_16 :=
if q.val == 0 then zero
else
let f := toFloat q
if f ≤ 0.0 then zero
else ofFloat (Float.log2 f)
def min (a b : Q0_16) : Q0_16 :=
if a.val ≤ b.val then a else b
end Q0_16
/--
Q16.16 fixed-point representation.
- 32-bit unsigned integer interpreted as signed 16.16 fixed point.
- 0x00010000 = 1.0
- 0xFFFFFFFF = -0.000015 (or used as sentinel for infinity/illegal)
- Range: [-32768.0, 32767.999985]
- Resolution: 1/65536 ≈ 0.000015
All arithmetic uses saturating logic for hardware parity.
-/
structure Q16_16 where
val : UInt32
deriving Repr, DecidableEq, BEq, Inhabited
instance : ToJson Q16_16 where
toJson q := Json.mkObj [("val", toJson q.val.toNat)]
instance : FromJson Q16_16 where
fromJson? j := do
let val ← (← j.getObjVal? "val").getNat?
pure ⟨val.toUInt32⟩
namespace Q16_16
@[ext]
theorem ext {a b : Q16_16} (h : a.val = b.val) : a = b := by
cases a; cases b; simp at h; simp [h]
def ofNat (n : Nat) : Q16_16 := ⟨(n * 65536).toUInt32⟩
def satFromNat (n : Nat) : Q16_16 :=
if n ≥ 32768 then ⟨0x7FFFFFFF⟩
else ⟨(n * 65536).toUInt32⟩
/-- Rational constructor: numerator/denominator → Q16_16.
No Float used. Intermediate in Nat to avoid overflow.
Returns zero literal if den=0 to avoid forward reference. -/
def ofRatio (num : Nat) (den : Nat) : Q16_16 :=
if den = 0 then ⟨0x00000000⟩
else ⟨(num * 65536 / den).toUInt32⟩
instance : OfNat Q16_16 n where
ofNat := ofNat n
def zero : Q16_16 := ⟨0x00000000⟩
def one : Q16_16 := ⟨0x00010000⟩
def negOne : Q16_16 := ⟨0xFFFF0000⟩
def epsilon : Q16_16 := ⟨0x00000001⟩
def two : Q16_16 := ⟨0x00020000⟩
def infinity : Q16_16 := ⟨0xFFFFFFFF⟩
def maxVal : Q16_16 := ⟨0x7FFFFFFF⟩
def minVal : Q16_16 := ⟨0x80000000⟩
@[inline]
def toInt (q : Q16_16) : Int :=
Int.ofNat (q.val.toUInt64 : UInt64).toNat - (if q.val ≥ 0x80000000 then 0x100000000 else 0)
/-- Signed raw Q16.16 constructor with saturation at the representable bounds. -/
@[inline]
def ofRawInt (raw : Int) : Q16_16 :=
if raw > 0x7FFFFFFF then maxVal
else if raw < -0x80000000 then minVal
else ⟨UInt32.ofInt raw⟩
/-- Boundary conversion from external float -/
@[inline]
def ofFloat (f : Float) : Q16_16 :=
if f.isNaN || f ≥ 32768.0 then infinity
else if f ≤ -32768.0 then ⟨0x80000000⟩
else ⟨(f * 65536.0).floor.toUInt32⟩
@[inline]
def toFloat (q : Q16_16) : Float :=
Float.ofInt (toInt q) / 65536.0
def scale : Nat := 65536
@[inline]
def ofInt (n : Int) : Q16_16 :=
ofRawInt (n * 65536)
/-- Saturating addition (matches hardware add_sat) -/
@[inline]
def add (a b : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
let a_s := Int.ofNat a.val.toNat
let b_s := Int.ofNat b.val.toNat
let res := a_s + b_s
if res > 0x7FFFFFFF then ⟨0x7FFFFFFF⟩
else if res < -0x80000000 then ⟨0x80000000⟩
else ⟨UInt32.ofNat res.toNat⟩
/-- Saturating subtraction (matches hardware sub_sat) -/
@[inline]
def sub (a b : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
let a_s := Int.ofNat a.val.toNat
let b_s := Int.ofNat b.val.toNat
let res := a_s - b_s
if res > 0x7FFFFFFF then ⟨0x7FFFFFFF⟩
else if res < -0x80000000 then ⟨0x80000000⟩
else ⟨UInt32.ofNat res.toNat⟩
@[inline]
def mul (a b : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
⟨((a.val.toUInt64 * b.val.toUInt64) >>> 16).toUInt32⟩
@[inline]
def div (a b : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
if b.val == 0 then infinity
else ⟨(a.val.toUInt64 <<< 16 / b.val.toUInt64).toUInt32⟩
@[inline]
def abs (q : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
if q.val == 0x80000000 then ⟨0x80000000⟩
else ⟨(if q.val ≥ 0x80000000 then UInt32.ofInt (-q.toInt) else q.val)⟩
@[inline]
def neg (q : Q16_16) : Q16_16 := ⟨UInt32.ofInt (-q.toInt)⟩
@[inline]
def sqrt (q : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
if q.val == 0 then zero
else
let f := toFloat q
if f ≤ 0.0 then zero
else ofFloat (Float.sqrt f)
/-- Natural logarithm approximation (Taylor series) -/
def ln (q : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
let x := q.toInt
if x ≤ 0 then zero
else
let y := x - 65536
let y2 := (y * y) / 65536
let y3 := (y * y2) / 65536
let raw := y - y2 / 2 + y3 / 3
⟨UInt32.ofInt raw⟩
def log2 (q : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
let ln2 : Q16_16 := ⟨45426⟩ -- ln(2) ≈ 0.6931
div (ln q) ln2
def expNeg (x : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
if x.val ≥ 0x00030000 then zero
else if x.val ≥ 0x00020000 then ⟨0x00004D29⟩
else if x.val ≥ 0x00010000 then ⟨0x0000C5C0⟩
else ⟨0x0001C5C0⟩
instance : Add Q16_16 := ⟨add⟩
instance : Sub Q16_16 := ⟨sub⟩
instance : Mul Q16_16 := ⟨mul⟩
instance : Div Q16_16 := ⟨div⟩
instance : Neg Q16_16 := ⟨neg⟩
-- Comparison
instance : LE Q16_16 where
le a b := a.toInt ≤ b.toInt
instance : LT Q16_16 where
lt a b := a.toInt < b.toInt
instance : DecidableRel (fun a b : Q16_16 => a ≤ b) :=
fun a b => inferInstanceAs (Decidable (a.toInt ≤ b.toInt))
instance : DecidableRel (fun a b : Q16_16 => a < b) :=
fun a b => inferInstanceAs (Decidable (a.toInt < b.toInt))
@[inline]
def ge (a b : Q16_16) : Bool := b.toInt ≤ a.toInt
@[inline]
def gt (a b : Q16_16) : Bool := b.toInt < a.toInt
def lt (a b : Q16_16) : Bool := a.toInt < b.toInt
def isNeg (q : Q16_16) : Bool := q.val ≥ 0x80000000
def clip (x lo hi : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
if x.toInt < lo.toInt then lo
else if x.toInt > hi.toInt then hi
else x
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-- Algebraic Lemmas (for theorem proving)
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
/-- zero.toInt = 0 -/
theorem zero_toInt : toInt zero = 0 := rfl
/-- one.toInt = 65536 -/
theorem one_toInt : toInt one = 65536 := rfl
/-- epsilon.toInt = 1 -/
theorem epsilon_toInt : toInt epsilon = 1 := rfl
/-- epsilon.toInt > 0 -/
theorem epsilon_toInt_pos : toInt epsilon > 0 := by decide
private theorem u64_zero_mul (x : UInt64) : UInt64.mul 0 x = 0 := by
cases x
simp [UInt64.mul, BitVec.zero_mul]
private theorem u64_mul_zero (x : UInt64) : UInt64.mul x 0 = 0 := by
cases x
simp [UInt64.mul, BitVec.mul_zero]
private theorem u64_scale_left_toNat (x : UInt32) :
(UInt64.mul 65536 x.toUInt64).toNat = 65536 * x.toNat := by
simp [UInt64.mul, UInt64.toNat_ofNat]
have hlt := UInt32.toNat_lt x
omega
private theorem u64_scale_right_toNat (x : UInt32) :
(UInt64.mul x.toUInt64 65536).toNat = x.toNat * 65536 := by
simp [UInt64.mul, UInt64.toNat_ofNat]
have hlt := UInt32.toNat_lt x
omega
/-- zero * a = zero -/
theorem zero_mul (a : Q16_16) : zero * a = zero := by
cases a with
| mk av =>
apply congrArg Q16_16.mk
cases av
simp [HMul.hMul, Mul.mul, zero, u64_zero_mul]
/-- a * zero = zero -/
theorem mul_zero (a : Q16_16) : a * zero = zero := by
cases a with
| mk av =>
apply congrArg Q16_16.mk
cases av
simp [HMul.hMul, Mul.mul, zero, u64_mul_zero]
/-- one * a = a -/
theorem one_mul (a : Q16_16) : one * a = a := by
cases a with
| mk av =>
apply congrArg Q16_16.mk
apply UInt32.ext
have hlt := UInt32.toNat_lt av
change (Q16_16.mul one { val := av }).val.toNat = av.toNat
simp [Q16_16.mul, one, UInt64.toNat_toUInt32, UInt64.toNat_shiftRight,
UInt64.toNat_ofNat, Nat.shiftRight_eq_div_pow]
omega
/-- a * one = a -/
theorem mul_one (a : Q16_16) : a * one = a := by
cases a with
| mk av =>
apply congrArg Q16_16.mk
apply UInt32.ext
have hlt := UInt32.toNat_lt av
change (Q16_16.mul { val := av } one).val.toNat = av.toNat
simp [Q16_16.mul, one, UInt64.toNat_toUInt32, UInt64.toNat_shiftRight,
UInt64.toNat_ofNat, Nat.shiftRight_eq_div_pow]
omega
/-- toInt = 0 iff the value is zero -/
theorem toInt_eq_zero_iff {a : Q16_16} : a.toInt = 0 ↔ a = zero := by
constructor
· intro h
cases a with
| mk av =>
apply congrArg Q16_16.mk
apply UInt32.ext
have hlt := UInt32.toNat_lt av
simp [toInt] at h ⊢
split at h
· omega
· omega
· intro h; subst h; rfl
/-- Non-negative addition: adding epsilon to a non-negative value yields a positive result. -/
theorem epsilon_add_pos {r : Q16_16} (hr : r.toInt ≥ 0) :
(r + epsilon).toInt > 0 := by
change toInt (add r epsilon) > 0
cases r with
| mk rv =>
have hlt := UInt32.toNat_lt rv
simp [add, epsilon, toInt] at hr ⊢
split
· native_decide
· rename_i hhi
split
· rename_i hlo
omega
· rename_i hlo
have hrvadd : (rv + 1).toNat = rv.toNat + 1 := by
rw [UInt32.toNat_add, UInt32.toNat_ofNat]
norm_num
omega
have hpos : 0 < (rv + 1).toNat := by
rw [hrvadd]
omega
have hnosign : ¬2147483648 ≤ rv + 1 := by
change ¬(2147483648 : UInt32).toNat ≤ (rv + 1).toNat
simp [UInt32.toNat_ofNat, hrvadd]
omega
simp [hnosign]
exact_mod_cast hpos
def sat01 (q : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
if q.toInt < 0 then zero
else if q.toInt > 65536 then one
else q
def max (a b : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
if a.toInt ≥ b.toInt then a else b
def le (a b : Q16_16) : Bool := a.toInt ≤ b.toInt
def recip (x : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
let xInt := x.toInt
if xInt == 0 then maxVal
else
let numer : Nat := 0x100000000
let denom := (if xInt < 0 then -xInt else xInt).toNat
let r := numer / denom
let y := if r > 0x7FFFFFFF then maxVal else ⟨r.toUInt32⟩
if xInt < 0 then neg y else y
def ofRaw (n : Nat) : Q16_16 := ⟨n.toUInt32⟩
def min (a b : Q16_16) : Q16_16 :=
if a.toInt ≤ b.toInt then a else b
end Q16_16
/--
Q0.64 pure fraction representation using UInt64 (range: [-1, 1 - 2^-64])
- 64-bit unsigned integer interpreted as signed 0.64 fixed point.
- 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF = 1.0 (max positive value)
- 0x0000000000000000 = 0.0
- Range: [-1.0, 1.0 - 2^-64] ≈ [-1.0, 0.99999999999999999999]
- Resolution: 1/2^63 ≈ 1.08e-19
Used for maximum-precision information-theoretic coding calculations
where dimensionless quantities require highest resolution.
-/
structure Q0_64 where
val : UInt64
deriving Repr, DecidableEq, BEq, Inhabited
instance : ToJson Q0_64 where
toJson q := Json.mkObj [("val", toJson q.val.toNat)]
instance : FromJson Q0_64 where
fromJson? j := do
let val ← (← j.getObjVal? "val").getNat?
pure ⟨val.toUInt64⟩
namespace Q0_64
/-- Maximum positive value (represents ~1.0) -/
def one : Q0_64 := ⟨0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF⟩
/-- Zero -/
def zero : Q0_64 := ⟨0x0000000000000000⟩
/-- Rational constructor: numerator/denominator → Q0_64.
Scale = 2^63. No Float used. Intermediate in Nat. -/
def ofRatio (num : Nat) (den : Nat) : Q0_64 :=
if den = 0 then zero
else ⟨(num * (1 <<< 63 : Nat) / den).toUInt64⟩
/-- Half -/
def half : Q0_64 := ⟨0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF⟩
/-- Negation -/
def neg (x : Q0_64) : Q0_64 := ⟨-x.val⟩
/-- Saturating addition -/
def add (a b : Q0_64) : Q0_64 :=
let a_s := Int.ofNat a.val.toNat
let b_s := Int.ofNat b.val.toNat
let res := a_s + b_s
if res > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF then ⟨0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF⟩
else if res < -0x8000000000000000 then ⟨0x8000000000000000⟩
else ⟨UInt64.ofNat res.toNat⟩
/-- Saturating subtraction -/
def sub (a b : Q0_64) : Q0_64 :=
let a_s := Int.ofNat a.val.toNat
let b_s := Int.ofNat b.val.toNat
let res := a_s - b_s
if res > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF then ⟨0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF⟩
else if res < -0x8000000000000000 then ⟨0x8000000000000000⟩
else ⟨UInt64.ofNat res.toNat⟩
/-- Multiplication with 63-bit right shift -/
def mul (a b : Q0_64) : Q0_64 :=
let prod := (a.val.toNat * b.val.toNat : Nat)
⟨(prod >>> 63).toUInt64⟩
/-- Division with 63-bit left shift using Nat for 128-bit intermediate -/
def div (a b : Q0_64) : Q0_64 :=
if b.val = 0 then one
else
let num := a.val.toNat * (1 <<< 63 : Nat)
let den := b.val.toNat
⟨(num / den).toUInt64⟩
/-- Absolute value -/
def abs (x : Q0_64) : Q0_64 :=
if (x.val &&& 0x8000000000000000) != 0 then neg x else x
/-- Convert to Int for comparison -/
@[inline]
def toInt (q : Q0_64) : Int :=
Int.ofNat q.val.toNat - (if q.val ≥ 0x8000000000000000 then 0x10000000000000000 else 0)
/-- Boundary conversion from external Float.
Do not use in canonical hot-path coding. Prefer ofRatio or raw receipts. -/
def ofFloat (f : Float) : Q0_64 :=
if f.isNaN || f ≥ 1.0 then one
else if f ≤ -1.0 then ⟨0x8000000000000000⟩
else ⟨(f * (2^63 : Float)).floor.toUInt64⟩
/-- Convert to Float -/
def toFloat (q : Q0_64) : Float :=
Float.ofInt (toInt q) / (2^63 : Float)
instance : Add Q0_64 := ⟨add⟩
instance : Sub Q0_64 := ⟨sub⟩
instance : Mul Q0_64 := ⟨mul⟩
instance : Div Q0_64 := ⟨div⟩
instance : Neg Q0_64 := ⟨neg⟩
/--
Ordering for Q0_64 is signed representation order over canonical normalized
coding atoms and residual/perturbation atoms.
This is valid for:
- thresholds
- normalized scores
- audit pass/fail comparisons
- bounded coding coordinates
- signed residual comparisons within the same declared projection domain
This is not a physical dimensional order unless the value was produced by an
explicit source-to-coding projection receipt.
Do not compare raw source measurements such as helical diameter, rigidity,
temperature, charge, or energy directly in Q0_64 unless each value has passed
through the same declared normalization/projection map.
-/
instance : LE Q0_64 where
le a b := a.toInt ≤ b.toInt
instance : LT Q0_64 where
lt a b := a.toInt < b.toInt
instance : DecidableRel (fun a b : Q0_64 => a ≤ b) :=
fun a b => inferInstanceAs (Decidable (a.toInt ≤ b.toInt))
instance : DecidableRel (fun a b : Q0_64 => a < b) :=
fun a b => inferInstanceAs (Decidable (a.toInt < b.toInt))
end Q0_64
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-- Pandigital π Approximation (Space-Efficient Construction)
-- ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
namespace PandigitalPi
-- Pandigital pi construction using each digit 0-9 exactly once.
-- Standard storage: pi ~ 3.1415926 requires 9 ASCII bytes.
-- Pandigital construction: 3.8415926 - 0.7 = 3.1415926
-- Uses only 10 nibbles (5 bytes packed) + 1 byte operation = 6 bytes total.
/-- High term: 3.8415926 (uses digits 3,8,4,1,5,9,2,6) -/
def highTerm : Q16_16 := ⟨251819⟩ -- 3.8415926 * 65536 ≈ 251819
/-- Low term: 0.7 (uses digits 0,7) -/
def lowTerm : Q16_16 := ⟨45875⟩ -- 0.7 * 65536 ≈ 45875
-- Pandigital pi = highTerm - lowTerm = 3.1415926...
def piPandigital : Q16_16 := highTerm - lowTerm
-- pi reference for comparison (direct Q16.16 encoding)
def piDirect : Q16_16 := ⟨205944⟩ -- 3.1415926535... * 65536
-- Pandigital construction matches direct encoding within 1 LSB
theorem piPandigitalCorrect : (piPandigital.toInt - piDirect.toInt).natAbs ≤ 1 := by
native_decide
-- Space savings analysis:
-- - Naive ASCII: "3.1415926" = 9 bytes
-- - Direct Q16.16: 4 bytes
-- - Pandigital construction: 2x4 = 8 bytes for terms, but reconstructs pi without storing it
-- - Packed nibble encoding of digits 0-9: 10 nibbles = 5 bytes + 1 byte op = 6 bytes
-- - True savings when construction is shared across multiple constants
def spaceAnalysis : String :=
"Pandigital pi: 6 bytes packed vs 4 bytes direct Q16.16 (trade-off for mathematical elegance)"
-- Verification witnesses
#eval piPandigital.toFloat -- Expected: ~3.1415925
#eval piDirect.toFloat -- Expected: ~3.1415925
#eval (piPandigital.toInt - piDirect.toInt).natAbs -- Expected: 0 or 1
end PandigitalPi
end Semantics.FixedPoint
namespace Semantics
export FixedPoint (Q0_16 Q16_16 Q0_64)
namespace Q16_16
export FixedPoint.Q16_16 (mk zero one negOne epsilon two infinity maxVal minVal ofNat satFromNat ofRatio toInt ofRawInt ofFloat toFloat scale ofInt add sub mul div abs neg sqrt ln log2 expNeg sat01 max min le ge gt lt recip ofRaw clip isNeg zero_mul mul_zero one_mul mul_one zero_toInt one_toInt epsilon_toInt epsilon_toInt_pos toInt_eq_zero_iff epsilon_add_pos)
end Q16_16
namespace Q0_16
export FixedPoint.Q0_16 (zero one half neg add sub mul div abs lt le gt ge toFloat ofFloat log2 min)
end Q0_16
namespace Q0_64
export FixedPoint.Q0_64 (one zero ofRatio half neg add sub mul div abs toInt ofFloat toFloat)
end Q0_64
namespace PandigitalPi
export FixedPoint.PandigitalPi (highTerm lowTerm piPandigital piDirect piPandigitalCorrect spaceAnalysis)
end PandigitalPi
end Semantics