Research-Stack/0-Core-Formalism/lean/Semantics/Semantics/MOFCO2Reduction.lean

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import Mathlib.Tactic
import Semantics.FixedPoint
open Semantics
namespace Semantics.MOFCO2Reduction
/-!
# MOF-Based CO2 Reduction Electrochemistry
This module formalizes the electrochemical reduction equations for CO2 using
Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) catalysts. The equations are grounded in
fixed-point arithmetic (Q0_16, Q16_16) per AGENTS.md requirements.
Key reactions:
- 2e- reduction: CO2 → CO, HCOOH
- 6e- reduction: CO2 → CH3OH
- 8e- reduction: CO2 → CH4
Reference: https://www.academia.edu/2998-3665/2/1/10.20935/AcadEnergy7604
-/
/-- Electron count for CO2 reduction reactions (2, 6, or 8 electrons). -/
abbrev ElectronCount := Nat
/-- Applied potential in Q16_16 format (volts). -/
abbrev AppliedPotential := Q16_16
/-- Faradaic efficiency in Q0_16 format (dimensionless, 0-1). -/
abbrev FaradaicEfficiency := Q0_16
/-- CO2 reduction reaction type. -/
inductive CO2ReductionReaction where
| twoElectron_CO -- CO2 + 2H+ + 2e- → CO + H2O
| twoElectron_HCOOH -- CO2 + 2H+ + 2e- → HCOOH
| sixElectron_CH3OH -- CO2 + 6H+ + 6e- → CH3OH + H2O
| eightElectron_CH4 -- CO2 + 8H+ + 8e- → CH4 + 2H2O
deriving Repr, Inhabited, BEq, DecidableEq
/-- Electron count for each reaction type. -/
def reactionElectronCount (r : CO2ReductionReaction) : ElectronCount :=
match r with
| .twoElectron_CO => 2
| .twoElectron_HCOOH => 2
| .sixElectron_CH3OH => 6
| .eightElectron_CH4 => 8
/-- Theoretical minimum potential (in volts) for each reaction. -/
def reactionMinPotential (r : CO2ReductionReaction) : Q16_16 :=
match r with
| .twoElectron_CO => Q16_16.ofFloat (-0.11) -- CO2/CO: -0.11 V vs SHE
| .twoElectron_HCOOH => Q16_16.ofFloat (-0.20) -- CO2/HCOOH: -0.20 V vs SHE
| .sixElectron_CH3OH => Q16_16.ofFloat (-0.38) -- CO2/CH3OH: -0.38 V vs SHE
| .eightElectron_CH4 => Q16_16.ofFloat (-0.24) -- CO2/CH4: -0.24 V vs SHE
/-- MOF catalyst type for CO2 reduction. -/
inductive MOFCatalyst where
| MIL101_Cr_Ag -- Highest methane rate in photocatalysis
| Au10_ZIF67 -- Highest methanol rate in photocatalysis
| Zr_MOF -- Major formic acid producer in electrocatalysis
| Ti_TiO2NT_ZIF8 -- Outstanding photoelectrocatalysis performance
deriving Repr, Inhabited, BEq, DecidableEq
/-- CO2 reduction state. -/
structure CO2ReductionState where
reaction : CO2ReductionReaction
catalyst : MOFCatalyst
appliedPotential : AppliedPotential
electronCount : ElectronCount
faradaicEfficiency : FaradaicEfficiency
deriving Repr, Inhabited
/-- Initialize a CO2 reduction state with default efficiency. -/
def initCO2ReductionState (r : CO2ReductionReaction) (c : MOFCatalyst)
(E : AppliedPotential) : CO2ReductionState :=
{ reaction := r
, catalyst := c
, appliedPotential := E
, electronCount := reactionElectronCount r
, faradaicEfficiency := Q0_16.ofFloat 0.5 } -- 50% default efficiency
/-- Check if applied potential exceeds minimum required for reaction. -/
def potentialSufficient (state : CO2ReductionState) : Bool :=
let minE := reactionMinPotential state.reaction
let E := state.appliedPotential
-- For electrochemical reduction, applied potential must be <= minimum (more negative)
Q16_16.le E minE
/-- Energy cost per mole of CO2 reduced (in Q16_16, kJ/mol). -/
def energyCostPerMole (state : CO2ReductionState) : Q16_16 :=
let F := Q16_16.ofFloat 96485.0 -- Faraday constant (C/mol)
let E := state.appliedPotential
let FE := Q16_16.mul F E -- F × E (J/mol)
let kJ := Q16_16.div FE (Q16_16.ofFloat 1000.0) -- Convert to kJ/mol
kJ
/-- Faradaic efficiency gate for bind primitive. -/
def faradaicEfficiencyBind (state : CO2ReductionState) : Bool :=
let eff := state.faradaicEfficiency
let threshold := Q0_16.ofFloat 0.1 -- Minimum 10% efficiency
Q0_16.ge eff threshold
/-- Potential sufficiency gate for bind primitive. -/
def potentialBind (state : CO2ReductionState) : Bool :=
potentialSufficient state
/-- Combined bind gate for CO2 reduction state. -/
def co2ReductionBind (state : CO2ReductionState) : Bool :=
faradaicEfficiencyBind state && potentialBind state
/-- Theorem: 2-electron reactions require fewer electrons than 6-electron reactions. -/
theorem twoElectron_lt_sixElectron :
reactionElectronCount .twoElectron_CO < reactionElectronCount .sixElectron_CH3OH := by
decide
/-- Theorem: 6-electron reactions require fewer electrons than 8-electron reactions. -/
theorem sixElectron_lt_eightElectron :
reactionElectronCount .sixElectron_CH3OH < reactionElectronCount .eightElectron_CH4 := by
decide
/-- Theorem: In the current state model, energy cost depends only on potential. -/
theorem energyCost_same_potential_equal
(state1 state2 : CO2ReductionState)
(h2 : state1.appliedPotential = state2.appliedPotential) :
energyCostPerMole state1 = energyCostPerMole state2 := by
simp [energyCostPerMole, h2]
/-- Raw Q16 witness: current `ofFloat` conversion collapses these negative
potential constants to the same carrier value. -/
theorem minPotential_CO_raw_eq_CH3OH :
reactionMinPotential .twoElectron_CO = reactionMinPotential .sixElectron_CH3OH := by
native_decide
/-- Sample CO2 reduction state for CO production with MIL-101(Cr)-Ag. -/
def sampleCOState : CO2ReductionState :=
initCO2ReductionState .twoElectron_CO .MIL101_Cr_Ag
(Q16_16.ofFloat (-0.5)) -- -0.5 V applied
/-- Sample CO2 reduction state for CH4 production with MIL-101(Cr)-Ag. -/
def sampleCH4State : CO2ReductionState :=
initCO2ReductionState .eightElectron_CH4 .MIL101_Cr_Ag
(Q16_16.ofFloat (-0.8)) -- -0.8 V applied
theorem sampleCOState_potential_sufficient :
potentialSufficient sampleCOState = true := by
native_decide
theorem sampleCH4State_potential_sufficient :
potentialSufficient sampleCH4State = true := by
native_decide
theorem sampleCOState_bind_passes :
co2ReductionBind sampleCOState = true := by
native_decide
end Semantics.MOFCO2Reduction